Urk's Lighthouse (Urk, The Netherlands)

The lighthouse of Urk, a prominent and enduring symbol of the town, has a rich history that reflects the maritime heritage of this former island community. Established in 1844, the Urk lighthouse was built to guide fishermen and sailors through the treacherous waters of the Zuiderzee. The lighthouse stands on the highest point of Urk, offering a commanding view of the surrounding sea and serving as a beacon of safety for generations of seafarers.

The construction of the lighthouse marked a significant development in Urk's maritime infrastructure, enhancing the safety of navigation and supporting the local fishing industry. Over the years, the lighthouse has been modernized, transitioning from oil lamps to more advanced lighting systems, yet it has maintained its historic charm and significance.

Throughout its existence, the Urk lighthouse has witnessed the transformation of the region, including the ambitious Zuiderzee Works, which converted the Zuiderzee into the IJsselmeer and connected Urk to the mainland. Despite these changes, the lighthouse remains a vital part of the town's identity, symbolizing the resilience and enduring spirit of Urk's maritime community.

Today, the Urk lighthouse is not only a functional navigational aid but also a cherished historical landmark. It attracts visitors who are eager to explore its storied past and enjoy the panoramic views of the IJsselmeer. The lighthouse stands as a testament to Urk's rich maritime legacy and continues to be a proud emblem of the town's connection to the sea.

Tijs van Lin, Anabaptism and the great city fire of Roermond (1554)

The great fire of Bern 1405. Amtliche Berner Chronik by Diebold Schilling, Bd. 1, 144, 1478.

Tijs van Lin (16th century) was a kind and religious man from Roermond. He was known for his compassion and generosity towards the poor. He helped those in need with what he had, earning him a good reputation in the community.

After leaving the Roman Catholic Church and its practices, Thijs became an Anabaptist. He tried to live a holy life every day, aiming to honor God, help others, and spread light to those still in spiritual darkness.

His strong commitment to his new faith made him a target for those who opposed it. Tijs was accused of heresy, imprisoned, and tortured in an attempt to make him abandon his beliefs. Despite all the suffering, he stayed firm in his faith. In the end, he was sentenced to death under Imperial law and was burned to ashes.

A few years after his execution in 1551, a fire broke out in Roermond (1554), almost burning the entire city to the ground. Was this, as many believe it was, the divine punishment for the unjust killing of Tijs?

Aulne Abbey (Thuin, Belgium)

Aulne Abbey.

In a green valley near Thuin, Belgium, Aulne Abbey stands as a hauntingly beautiful reminder of medieval grandeur. Founded in the 7th century by Saint Landelin, a converted brigand turned monk, the abbey originally served as a place of solitude and prayer. Over the centuries, it evolved from a Benedictine monastery into a flourishing Cistercian abbey, known for its intellectual influence and the serene landscapes of its gardens.

However, Aulne’s prosperity also invited hardship. It was repeatedly plundered and set ablaze during the Middle Ages but rose each time, transforming into a rich religious center by the 18th century. This enduring legacy met its tragic end during the French Revolution when invading forces reduced it to ruins, leaving behind the skeletal beauty of Gothic arches and ivy-draped stone walls. Today, the ruins of Aulne Abbey are a silent testimony to its former splendor, echoing the rise, resilience, and fall of a place that once thrived in the Belgian countryside.

Saint-Émilion

A view on the medieval city of Saint-Émilion.

Nestled among the vineyards of Bordeaux, France, lies Saint-Émilion, a charming village exuding timeless beauty. Its cobblestone streets, adorned with flowers, wind through ancient stone buildings, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding vineyards.

Strolling through Saint-Émilion, we discovered charming cafes, and boutiques. And although it was December, we enjoyed beautiful spring-like weather. The village invites visitors to explore catacombs, sample renowned wines, or simply enjoy leisurely afternoons in the town square. Saint-Émilion is a place where time seems to pause, enveloping every moment in magic and wonder.

Olvera (Spain)

Iglesia Arciprestal de Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación, Olvera.

Located on a hilltop in Andalusia, Olvera is a town that reflects centuries of history. Its position has made it an important place for thousands of years.

The name Olvera likely has Arabic roots, showing its complex past. Under Roman rule, it was a thriving settlement. When the Moors took over, it became a key outpost on the Moorish frontier.

The Christian reconquest in the 13th century was another turning point for Olvera. The town was freed and turned into a fortified stronghold. The large castle, a symbol of its military importance, still stands tall today.

Throughout the years, Olvera has seen a mix of cultures, each influencing the town’s buildings, language, and traditions. The historic center, with its winding streets and whitewashed houses, acts like a living museum, showing how the town has changed over time.

Today, Olvera lets visitors step back in time and explore the rich history and culture of Andalusia. Its key location and historical importance make it a fascinating place for anyone looking for a genuine and memorable experience.

Almonaster la Real

The Mezquita de Almonaster.

Located in the hills of Andalusia, Almonaster la Real is a town rich in history. Its name, meaning "the royal monastery" in Arabic, reflects its diverse past. Many cultures have influenced this town, shaping its buildings, landscape, and people.

Almonaster began as a Roman outpost and saw the influence of the Visigoths, Moors, and Christians. Each group left a mark, creating a unique blend of influences. The town's main attraction is its mosque, a stunning example of the Islamic Golden Age. This building combines Roman, Visigothic, and Islamic styles, symbolizing cultural exchange and coexistence.

Almonaster la Real is also known for its natural beauty. Surrounded by the Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche mountains, the town provides a peaceful escape from modern life. Its whitewashed houses with colorful flower pots create a charming and relaxing atmosphere.

Visitors can explore ancient streets, admire architectural treasures, and enjoy the serene environment. Almonaster la Real offers an unforgettable experience where time seems to slow down, letting visitors connect with both the past and present.

Almonaster la Real.

Cáceres

Cáceres, a city nestled in the heart of Extremadura, Spain, is a living testament to the enduring spirit of human history. Its cobbled streets, imposing medieval architecture, and serene plazas offer a captivating glimpse into centuries past. With a legacy stretching back to Roman times, Cáceres has evolved into a harmonious blend of ancient and modern, earning its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The city's history is as rich and layered as the patina on its ancient walls. From its Roman foundations to its Moorish occupation, Cáceres has witnessed the ebb and flow of empires and cultures. The medieval period, however, left an indelible mark on the city's character. Its imposing palaces, fortified mansions, and imposing churches, many converted from defensive structures, stand as silent sentinels of a bygone era.

Cáceres has also found unexpected fame in the modern world, thanks to its role as a stunning backdrop for the globally acclaimed television series, "Game of Thrones." The city's medieval charm and dramatic landscapes provided the perfect canvas for the show's creators, transforming Cáceres into a sought-after destination for fans eager to step into the world of Westeros.

Today, Cáceres is not merely a city; it's a living museum, a stage where history and fantasy intertwine. Its cobblestone streets echo with the footsteps of centuries, while its modern vibrancy promises an unforgettable experience for visitors from around the world.

Kerkje aan Zee (Little Church by the Sea, Urk, The Netherlands)

Kerkje aan Zee (Little Church by the Sea, Urk, The Netherlands)

The 'Kerkje aan Zee' (Little Church by the Sea) in Urk is a historic landmark with a captivating history that dates back to the 17th century. Perched on the edge of the former island of Urk, this quaint church has long been a symbol of hope and guidance for the local fishing community. The original wooden church, which stood on the same site, was a crucial spiritual center for the island's inhabitants. However, the current stone structure was established in 1786, signifying a new era in Urk's religious and cultural life.

Throughout the centuries, the 'Kerkje aan Zee' has played a vital role in the lives of Urkers. As a place of worship, it has been the site of countless baptisms, weddings, and funerals, marking the key moments in the lives of the island's residents. The church's strategic location by the sea meant it also served as a navigational landmark for fishermen braving the often treacherous waters of the Zuiderzee, providing a sense of safety and homecoming.

The church's history is interwoven with the dramatic changes that Urk has undergone. Originally an isolated island, Urk was connected to the mainland in the 20th century as part of the Zuiderzee Works, a series of projects designed to reclaim land and control flooding. Despite these changes, the 'Kerkje aan Zee' has retained its unique charm and continues to be a proud symbol of Urk's enduring legacy.

Inside, the church is adorned with maritime memorabilia, reflecting the close relationship between the church and the sea. The interior's simplicity and the historic organ add to its timeless appeal, creating a serene atmosphere for reflection and worship.

The 'Kerkje aan Zee' is not just a religious structure but a testament to the resilience and steadfast faith of the Urkers. It stands as a reminder of the island's rich history, its maritime heritage, and the strong community bonds that have been forged through centuries of shared experiences. Today, it remains a cherished landmark, drawing visitors from near and far to experience a piece of Urk's storied past.

Museumnacht Maastricht (The Netherlands) #2

The Segunda Biblia de Pamplona. A Medieval Treasure

An illustration from the Segunda Biblia de Pamplona (12th century) depicting:

Joshua 10, 12-13: On the day the Lord gave the Amorites over to Israel, Joshua said to the Lord in the presence of Israel: “Sun, stand still over Gibeon, and you, moon, over the Valley of Aijalon.” So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, till the nation avenged itself on its enemies.

Joshua 10, 26:  Then Joshua put the kings to death and exposed their bodies on five poles, and they were left hanging on the poles until evening.

In the heart of medieval Spain, in the kingdom of Navarre, a masterpiece of unparalleled beauty was created: the Segunda Biblia de Pamplona. More than just a religious text, this illuminated manuscript is a time capsule that transports us to a world of faith, art, and royal grandeur.

Commissioned by a member of the Navarrese royal family, this Bible is a testament to the patronage of the arts during the Middle Ages. The manuscript's intricate details and high quality reflect the skills of the artisans who created it.

The most striking feature of the Segunda Biblia de Pamplona is its collection of beautifully painted miniatures depicting biblical scenes. These illustrations are not only visually stunning but also provide valuable insights into the religious beliefs and artistic techniques of the time.

Created in the 12th century, this manuscript is a prime example of Romanesque art. Today, it resides in a private collection and is considered one of the most significant illuminated Bibles in existence.

One of the biblical stories depicted in the Segunda Biblia de Pamplona is the tale of Joshua and the conquest of Canaan. This dramatic narrative, where Joshua calls upon God to make the sun and moon stand still, is a testament to the power of faith and the divine intervention in human affairs.

The Sun Also Rises, Burguete (Spain)

Burguete, Navarre (Spain).

Ernest Hemingway's "The Sun Also Rises" (1926) is highly relevant today amidst the conflicts in Gaza, Lebanon and Ukraine. This is due to its exploration of themes like disillusionment, trauma, and the search for meaning in (the aftermath of) war. The novel's portrayal of characters grappling with the psychological scars of World War I resonates with the experiences of individuals affected by modern conflicts, who face similar struggles with loss, mental health, and existential uncertainty.

In the story, the village of Burguete serves as a serene retreat for the main character, Jake Barnes, and his friend Bill Gorton. Their time in Burguete, characterized by peaceful fishing trips and reflective conversations, provides a temporary escape from the chaos and emotional turmoil of their lives. This interlude highlights the human need for moments of respite and healing, even amidst the ongoing struggles and complexities brought about by war.

The Peace of Münster (1648)

The Ratification of the Spanish-Dutch Treaty of Münster, 15 May 1648.

The Peace of Münster, signed in 1648, ended the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic and was part of the larger Peace of Westphalia, concluding the Thirty Years' War. This treaty marked the formal recognition of the Dutch Republic's independence by Spain.

The Eighty Years' War began in 1568 as a revolt against Spanish rule. Over the decades, it became a prolonged struggle for Dutch independence, marked by intense battles and significant losses. By the early 17th century, the desire for peace grew due to the ongoing devastation.

Formal negotiations started in 1646 in Münster, Germany, involving various European powers. The Dutch and the Spanish representatives engaged in complex and lengthy discussions. Key issues included recognizing Dutch independence, ending hostilities, and establishing territorial boundaries.

The Peace of Münster was signed on January 30, 1648, and ratified in May. It was a monumental diplomatic achievement, ending Spanish sovereignty over Dutch territories and allowing the Dutch Republic to focus on rebuilding and expanding its trade networks. The treaty also addressed the return of occupied territories, the release of prisoners, trade rights, and future relations between Spain and the Dutch Republic.

The Peace of Münster, as part of the Peace of Westphalia, had lasting implications for European politics, marking the start of a new era of state sovereignty and balance of power. It remains a significant milestone in the history of international relations.

Historical City Hall of Münster (Münster, Germany), the place where the treaty was ratified.

Maria, Sterre der Zee, Stella Maris (Maastricht, The Netherlands)

Maria, Sterre der Zee (Maastricht).

The "Maria, Sterre der Zee" procession on October 10th in Maastricht is a cherished tradition, honoring the Virgin Mary under the title "Star of the Sea." This annual event draws worshippers and pilgrims to celebrate Mary’s protective role over the city, symbolizing hope, guidance, and refuge. The tradition dates back centuries, with Maastricht’s faithful attributing their devotion to Mary as a source of blessings and miracles, especially for those who seek protection during life’s journeys.

The title "Sterre der Zee" (Star of the Sea) originates from Saint Jerome’s translation of the Bible in the 4th century. In his Latin Vulgate, he referred to Mary as "Stella Maris," a term that underscores her role as a spiritual compass for Christians, much like stars have long been used to guide sailors across treacherous waters. This metaphor of Mary as a guiding star became one of her most enduring titles in Catholic tradition.

The name also has deeper roots beyond Christianity. Scholars often draw parallels between Mary and the Egyptian goddess Isis, who was similarly revered as a protector of sailors and depicted with celestial imagery. Another significant connection lies with Venus, the "Morning Star" and "Evening Star," a planet that has symbolized guidance and light through the ages. The blending of these ancient symbols with Christian devotion to Mary enriches the meaning of "Sterre der Zee," linking her to an enduring legacy of hope and guidance from both pagan and biblical traditions.

In Maastricht’s procession, these layers of history and symbolism are celebrated, uniting past and present devotion in an event that honors Mary as a spiritual light for all.

Maastricht’s Sterre der Zee procession (October 10th).

Bluefin tuna fishing in Tarifa (Spain)

Tarifa, situated at the southernmost tip of Spain, is renowned for its rich fishing heritage, particularly bluefin tuna fishing. This region benefits from its unique geographical position, where the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean, creating ideal conditions for a diverse marine ecosystem. Bluefin tuna, a highly prized species, has been a cornerstone of Tarifa's fishing industry for centuries.

The traditional method of bluefin tuna fishing in Tarifa is known as "almadraba," a technique that dates back to Phoenician times. This sustainable method involves setting nets in the migration paths of tuna, allowing for selective and efficient capture. Modern practices in Tarifa continue to honor these ancient techniques while incorporating sustainable practices to ensure the preservation of tuna populations.

Zeldenrust Windmill (Dokkum, The Netherlands)

The Zeldenrust windmill in Dokkum.

The Zeldenrust windmill is a historic gem gracing the charming town of Dokkum, Friesland. For centuries, this iconic structure has been a vital part of the local community, reflecting the Netherlands' rich windmill heritage. Originally built in the 18th century, Zeldenrust was a bustling corn mill, grinding grain into flour to feed the population.

Beyond its practical function, the windmill was a symbol of prosperity and engineering prowess. Skilled millers harnessed wind power to operate the heavy millstones, a demanding yet essential task. Today, Zeldenrust stands as a cherished monument, offering visitors a glimpse into the past and a deep appreciation for Dutch craftsmanship.

Charles III of Navarre and Eleanor of Castile

Charles III of Navarre (1361 – 1425) and Eleanor of Castile (1363 – 1415), a powerful royal duo, are eternally united in the grand tomb within Pamplona Cathedral. Their shared final resting place symbolizes the intertwining of their lives and the significant roles they played in shaping the history of Navarre and Castile. Charles, known as "the Noble," focused on diplomacy and internal stability, while Eleanor, a Castilian princess, brought strategic alliances and cultural influence to Navarre. Together, they fostered a period of prosperity and left an enduring legacy, commemorated in the majestic tomb that stands as a testament to their historical importance.

Alsace's Culinary Delights

A shopwindow with Alsatian specialties in Ribeauville (France).

The Alsace region in northeastern France is renowned for its rich culinary heritage, blending French and German influences to create a unique and flavorful cuisine. Known for hearty dishes and exquisite wines, Alsace offers a wide array of delicacies that reflect its diverse history and deep-rooted gastronomic traditions.

One of the most famous Alsatian specialties is choucroute garnie, a dish of fermented cabbage (sauerkraut) typically served with a variety of meats such as sausages, pork knuckles, and bacon. Another iconic dish is flammekueche (or tarte flambée), a thin, crispy flatbread topped with crème fraîche, onions, and lardons, resembling a pizza.

Alsace is also celebrated for its foie gras, a delicacy made from the liver of a fattened duck or goose, which is often served as a luxurious appetizer. Baeckeoffe, a hearty casserole of marinated meats (pork, beef, and lamb) slow-cooked with potatoes, onions, and white wine, is another traditional dish that showcases the region's love for comforting, slow-cooked meals.

Alsace’s wines, particularly Riesling and Gewürztraminer, pair perfectly with these regional dishes, adding a refreshing balance to the rich flavors of the cuisine. From savory meats to delicate pastries like the spiced pain d’épices (gingerbread), Alsace’s delicacies offer a taste of the region’s history and traditions, making it a gastronomic treasure of France.

Ommelebommelstién (Urk, The Netherlands)

De Vroemoêr (The Midwife), by Piet Brouwer.

About 70 meters from the shore of Urk lies a massive boulder in the IJsselmeer. This boulder was transported from Scandinavia to Urk during the Ice Age. The stone holds significant importance for the people of Urk. According to legend, Urk children do not arrive by stork; instead, they come from this 'Ommelebommelstién'.

When a child is about to be born, an expectant father must row out to the stone and, upon payment, receive his child there. The legend adds a whimsical detail: boys are twice as expensive as girls. This charming tale is deeply ingrained in local folklore and highlights the unique cultural heritage of Urk. The ‘Ommelebommelstién’ serves as a symbol of the town's connection to its past and the enduring nature of its traditions.

Heiliger Sand (Worms, Germany)

Heiliger Sand (Worms).

The Jewish Cemetery in Worms, known as Heiliger Sand, is one of the oldest in Europe, dating back to the 11th century. It stands as a testament to the long and rich history of the Jewish community in Worms, which flourished from medieval times until its tragic destruction during the Holocaust. Worms was an important center of Jewish scholarship, particularly during the Middle Ages, attracting prominent rabbis and scholars, such as Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki (Rashi), who studied there. The cemetery contains graves from the 11th to the 20th centuries, including those of notable Jewish figures, and remains a symbol of Jewish cultural and religious resilience in Germany.

The Jewish community in Worms played a significant role in European Jewish life, with contributions to religious scholarship and trade. Despite facing repeated violence, e.g. during the Rhineland massacres (11th century), the community persisted for centuries, leaving behind a profound cultural legacy, now commemorated through sites like the cemetery and the Worms Synagogue.

The Legend of Maria Magdalena's journey to France

A triptych depicting the legend of Maria Magdalena. (15th century, Saint Leonard Church, Zoutleeuw)

The legend of Maria Magdalena's journey to France is a tale deeply entrenched in Christian tradition and folklore. According to this legend, after the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ, Maria Magdalena, along with her brother Lazarus, sister Martha, and other followers of Jesus, faced persecution in Judea.

Fleeing from the hostility of their adversaries, Maria Magdalena, Lazarus, Martha, and a group of companions, including Maximinus and Cedonius, were placed aboard a ship without a pilot. The intention was to cast them adrift at sea, with the expectation that they would perish. However, through what was believed to be the intervention of God, the ship miraculously arrived on the shores of Marseille, France.

Upon their arrival in Marseille, they found no welcome from the locals, so they took refuge in a portico near a pagan temple. Despite the inhospitable reception, Maria Magdalena boldly began preaching the Gospel, urging the people to turn away from idolatry and embrace Christianity. Her eloquence, beauty, and devotion to Christ captivated the crowds, drawing many to the Christian faith.

One notable encounter occurred when the governor and his wife sought to make offerings to pagan gods in hopes of conceiving a child. Maria Magdalena dissuaded them from their intentions, preaching to them about the one true God. Her prayers for the governor's wife to conceive were answered, further cementing her reputation as a holy figure.

However, the governor's reluctance to heed her warnings and aid the needy provoked a divine warning. Maria Magdalena appeared to the governor and his wife in a series of vivid dreams, chastising them for their indifference to the suffering of others. Fearing the wrath of God, they relented and provided assistance to Maria Magdalena and her companions.

The legend continues as Maria Magdalena and her followers embarked on a mission to spread Christianity throughout France. They traveled to various regions, performing miracles and converting multitudes to the Christian faith. Eventually, they settled in Aix, where Lazarus became the bishop of the city and Maximinus a bishop as well.

In her final years, Maria Magdalena withdrew to a remote location, where she spent thirty years in solitude, yearning for spiritual communion with God. Her legacy as a devoted follower of Christ and a powerful evangelist endured, shaping the early Christian community in France and inspiring countless believers throughout the centuries.